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Fireflies are well known bugs in Japan: they're often called as "Japanese Fireflies", but this bug live into Asia and reach southern Europe ( France, Spain, Italy, Portugal ) and Africa.

Firefly is a beetle belonging to Lampyridae family and they are equipped by specific lightings organs under abdomen: fireflies get oxygen and join it with a substances called luciferin inside special cell. This reaction produces light almost without heat. 

Fireflies' light is often intermittent and flashes in sharp frequencies which change according to species. Every types of flash matches with optical signal which helps the fireflies in finding parters.

Exactly, scientists don't know how these bugs can deal their light. This one probably could work as defence mechanism, too, in order to advise predators about toxicity of fireflies.

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